What is SOA, really? 229
The good news is, you probably already know. The bad news is, you probably know too much. This article describes Service Oriented Architecture in a simple and easy to understand way that is devoid of buzzwords and vendor spin. It’s the introduction to SOA that you haven’t been able to find anywhere else.
There are things in a business that don’t change very often. Gas stations in the U.S., for example, still sell gasoline by the gallon. Restaurants still sell meals from a menu. Dentists still sell cleanings every 6 months. Every business has these aspects that don’t change very frequently. They often represent a huge part of the business. We’ll call these things the _core business functions.
There are other things in a business that change very frequently. Prices, tax rates, catalogs, new products, new marketing campaigns, advertising, new business areas, new customer areas, etc. Indeed, businesses must be able to change, and change quickly, in order to survive. And yet, it is vital that those changes do not adversely affect the core business functions.
Software developers have known for years that software that changes frequently should be decoupled from software that changes infrequently. When applied to individual programs and systems this principle is sometimes called The Common Closure Principle. When it is applied to the information management of an enterprise, it is called SOA.
SOA is the practice of sequestering the core business functions into independent services that don’t change frequently. These services are glorified functions that are called by one or more presentation programs. The presentation programs are volatile bits of software that present data to, and accept data from, various users.
To make this clear, imagine an internet store-front. Customers use a browser to talk to the presentation software that displays the store’s website. The presentation software interprets the gestures of the customer and invokes services that do things like acquiring the data for the current catalog, or registering the customer’s order. Note that the services have no idea they are talking to a website. They could just as well be talking to a thick client, or a 3270 green screen. They simply accept and return data in a standard format that the web system happens to be able to use.
That’s really all there is to it. The rest of SOA is just a matter of details. At the highest level, SOA is nothing more (and nothing less) than separating changeable elements from unchangeable elements. But why is this important?
Consider that internet store-front again. It presents the user with a catalog, allows the user to move items into, and out of a shopping cart, and accepts the eventual order. The presentation of these concepts is very volatile. Marketing people are likely to want to change it frequently. For example, they might want to change from a shopping cart metaphor to scrollable receipt on the sidebar. They may wish to present more or less descriptive data in the product list. They may want to experiment with different colors, font-faces, and layouts. Indeed, it’s feasible that they’ll want to try applets, JStart clients, Ajax, and a myriad of other presentation options. But none of this has anything to do with the core business functions encapsulated by the services. Those services that acquire catalogs and register orders remain unchanged despite all the presentation thrashing. That’s why the separation is important. It protects the information processing assets of the business from the constant jitter and spin of the presentation.
But presentation is not the only thing that jitters and spins. So do the business processes. Again, consider our store-front. Perhaps our business has decided to offer fine wines as one of the products it sells. Selling alcohol requires that the age of the customer be verified. Let us say that we have a service that provides this verification. This service must be called for any order that contains alcohol products. The decision to call this service is neither a presentation decision, nor a service decision. Rather it is part of the business process for a particular kind of order. Business processes are volatile and they breed like rabbits. As businesses evolve they add more and more steps and forks to their business processes. The services being used by those processes don’t change much; but the pathways through the processes do. Therefore we want to separate the business process from the services and from the presentation. Smalltalkers had a name for this separation when it appeared in a single program. They called it Model-View-Controller.
Notice that we have yet to mention even one of the plethora of technologies that are so commonly associated with SOA. That’s because SOA is not about any particular technology. Rather it is a design philosophy that decouples well heeled business functions from volatile processes and presentations. It is the MVC of enterprise software.
In my next blog on this topic, we’ll look at the next level of detail in an attempt to understand HOW services can be constructed, and how the decoupling of presentation, process, and functions can be achieved.
Actually SOA is Service Oriented Architechture. This kind of architechture is used for prototype model. whatever explained above about SOA. those requirements are continously changing and for the continous changing requirements we are going to use prototype model and for that model architechture may used is SOA.
That sentence caused an “out of stack space” error t_r_siri.
Nice treatment around the connection of SOA and separation of concerns.
The link to the “What is OOD?” material is terrific. I’d not seen that before, and here I’ve been fumbling around doing it on an ad hoc basis. Now I can recalibrate against a disciplined view of it. Great stuff.
Great presentation. Shall wait for the next in the series.
Fantastic post – can’t wait for the next one :-)
I’d go even further and say that SOA isn’t just “separating changeable elements from unchangeable elements” but separating as many things that can logically/functionally be separated, regardless of whether they’re changeable or not. Having the different pieces separated allows you to more easily test them, develop them, modify them, run them on different servers, etc.
To use your on line store example, I can think of many parts that can be separated, regardless of whether or not they change: product upload, product management, order downloads, customer management, customer list download, the shopping cart (adding and removing items), product presentation, shipping options management, and so on.
It is a good idea that “separating as many things that can logically/functionally be separated”. But there would be some problems to make them working together.Give it a rule is helpful.Perhaps, SOA.
Well done, however I would like to clarify on the early example used such that although the price of gasoline may change frequently the need to retrieve the price of gasoline would be a core business function. The reason I want to make this distinction is to not confuse the benefits of a service to provide consistent, reasonably stable functionality with the inconsistent, unstable information that the service provides.
Quite often a stable service is particularly useful for serving up often changing data to promote consistent data across the enterprise. This moves an enterprise closer to “one version of the truth”.
It occurs to me that the more that is explained about SOA and what it means to the IT Systems Architect, the less I believe that there is anything new about it all.
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SOA is like my dream angel (you are telling me), then why am I as a long time systems architect confused about what is being said here? In my opinion, there is nothing new here, just a redefinition of what we have been doing the last twenty years I’ve spent as an Systems Analyst, implementing routines that are reusable and common in applications. p.s. I am in love with my dream angel.Note that in dutch, SOA is the abbreviation for a sexual transmittable disease .. not to be confused
Perhaps we’re operating on a smaller scale in my state agency, but I haven’t been able to comprehend why I would need to create re-usable components – with Web Services. We build re-usability when we need it, but it’s usually within objects at the database level, and all of our software tools can access the database. Am I planning for the possibility that we may replace the database, so I should be pro-active and replace it with a technology (Web Services) that may also have an uncertain future?
Plus, I’m always wary when I read articles on the miracles of SOA and a large company is mentioned where they’ve implemented “over 70 Web Services”. 70? For a large company? That sounds like it’s either tough to design, implement, or even devise, a Web Service.
-=cf
thanks for the info! more..blogs
Thanks for Info, will wait for continuation….
Great stuff! Your explanation is by far the simplest I’ve seen about SOA. I partially agree with about that there is nothing new about SOA. I think the approach is not new. In fact, I’m sure it is the ever-dream-enviroment for any developer, but the difference is that today is achievable and was not just a few years ago. The real challenge is about taking really the advantage of this era and have the ability of developing really SERVICE ORIENTED products.
It seems to more about MVC architecture rather than SOA.
Nicely put, in such a simple manner… Awating your next article.
Very simple and Great explanation.
Adding to it, SOA is move towards creating reusable components at enterprise-level, irrespective of applications and different business aspects. Later this can be thought of world-wide components across Industries, business and domains… etc.,
A very good blog on SOA, which emphasizes the need to seperate the main business functions from the dynamic fluffs that get added/substracted from time to time. I wonder if the concepts of each function being a service, evolved from earlier concepts like CORBA or COM or DCOM itself. -Ben
SOA is an abbreviation for “Service Oriented Architechture” (as mentioned in one of the other comments). It is in the matter of fact old wine poured into new bottles. Such an architecture has existed for several years, but it has not been widely accepted among R/D organizations for very long.
Very informative
Fantastic article….......the explanation was sweet and simple. I had attended a seminar by IBM which didn’t give as clear picture as this article has…..Cheers!!!
Hello, I want to do research on SOA .will u please help me getting some information
Fantastic article! Makes it very easy to understand the core tenets behind SOA.
After reading the article, one thing that I think needs clarification is: “SOA is the practice of sequestering the core business functions into independent services that don’t change frequently.”
Why is it important that the services are independant given that the services don’t change frequently? I guess independent means that the services should be “loosely coupled” and I think that most SOA definitions I read require this, but it doesn’t seem very important in your article…
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Gud presentation..
This article is very well written. the emphasis here seems to be around re-usable code/applications. The main difference is that formerly, applications were all being written purely in OO type languages, but with the advent of Web services, the emphasis is shifting and seems to be more on XML-based applications and EAI which has as basis the SOA architecture and also conforms to Web 2.0
I am a novice to SOA. This article helped to unerstand what is SOA for?
Thanks A Lot, Waiting to learn more Sita
Really a nice blog. Expecting many more blogs relating to SOA. Now I understood what really a SOA is.
SOA is a good concept like re-usable components which will not change frequently and can be used directly. It will help the business without disturbing core functionalities and easy to rollout any new releases. My view it is to stabilise the some the components which can be used by any other sattelite system or even internal modules as interface.
It’s a very good and simple article on SOA. If we try to read the way any of the firms have to present SOA, we are basically chasing our tales …
One think I’d like to mention is that in OOP terms its not Model-View-Controler … I think facade would be more close ?? any thoughs ..
I am about to have an interview, and the company uses SOA. Your explanation (simple, clear and full with useful illustrations) is the type I just needed to understand what’s SOA is about. I have been using it for years and didn’t know. Thanks
Nice treatment to SOA. Good Example with eloboration. I wonder if you could write something on SOA oriented products. Regars
Thanks for the wonderful post… I might actually pass my exam later this week thanks to you explaining it in a way that I can finally understand! THANK YOU! :D
It was pretty helpful.
Really, Its a great article on SOA .
Thanks for the article, it does help to have this explained without a vendor rant. What this says to me is that SOA is really nothing more than a marketing buzz in terms of what good IT architects have been trying to accomplish for years. I think SOA is now a way to help Exec. Mgmt to understand what good IT folks have been doing for years. Never the less, SOA/MVC is critical for developing large scale transaction-based systems.
The Wiki def. for MVC sums it up in a less marketable fashion.
Model-view-controller (MVC) is an architectural pattern, which at the same time is also a Multitier architecture, used in software engineering. In complex computer applications that present a large amount of data to the user, a developer often wishes to separate data (model) and user interface (view) concerns, so that changes to the user interface will not affect data handling, and that the data can be reorganized without changing the user interface. The model-view-controller solves this problem by decoupling data access and business logic from data presentation and user interaction, by introducing an intermediate component: the controller.
Excellent!. Explained in short and concisely.
Thanks Ashok Guduru
Thanks for putting in the time to write a good article.
Thanks a ton for this wonderful post. In fact i was not introduced to the meaning of SOA earlier. Now I feel worth to visit this post of your’s for knowing SOA…especially for the layman like me…. Thanks a ton. Vijay
good explanation..
Thanks for the explanation….......
nice information…... i have technical seminar on 25th of march ,,,,,can please provide the more information about soa … i hope it may be useful….
Excellent Presentation waiting for the next series the way of presentation is very good as it is presented by taking live examples.
I agree the term SOA is getting abused. Related post (mine).
http://blogs.ittoolbox.com/eai/business/archives/what-is-soa-23569
great write-up. the language used is simple and it did not get too technical like a lot of the other presentations. waiting for the next in line, hope it comes out soon.
Simply put and a very nice article. As mentioned in one of the comments, it is more of MVC architecture instead of SOA. Will wait for the next series…
Really nice presentation.
Thank you for nice presentation. Now I feel I understood about SOA.
How it differs from Any MVC approcach? Is it seperation of services which seperates for unchange service? pls try to clear….
Thanks for the clear explanation given on SOA, which, even a layman can understand. I got a good start to dig more on this.
Good explanation.
NIce blog.. thanks… keep posting..
I am new to this SOA Terminology, What a well done explanation, Thanks for everyone out here.
A great writing… It took out the fear from this lingo.
simply superub…... after many search i got what i want…
Really very usefull and informative article
Fantastic, thanks very much!
Simplicity at its best !!!
I read quite a few books and articles on this topic. By far this is the most clear and to the point explanation of SQA. Thank you very much !.
good one
Great…............ Excellant
Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is an evolution of distributed computing based on the request/reply design paradigm for synchronous and asynchronous applications. An application’s business logic or individual functions are modularized and presented as services for consumer/client applications. What’s key to these services is their loosely coupled nature; i.e., the service interface is independent of the implementation. Application developers or system integrators can build applications by composing one or more services without knowing the services’ underlying implementations. For example, a service can be implemented either in .Net or J2EE, and the application consuming the service can be on a different platform or language.
Service-oriented architectures have the following key characteristics:
SOA services have self-describing interfaces in platform-independent XML documents. Web Services Description Language (WSDL) is the standard used to describe the services. SOA services communicate with messages formally defined via XML Schema (also called XSD). Communication among consumers and providers or services typically happens in heterogeneous environments, with little or no knowledge about the provider. Messages between services can be viewed as key business documents processed in an enterprise. SOA services are maintained in the enterprise by a registry that acts as a directory listing. Applications can look up the services in the registry and invoke the service. Universal Description, Definition, and Integration (UDDI) is the standard used for service registry. Each SOA service has a quality of service (QoS) associated with it. Some of the key QoS elements are security requirements, such as authentication and authorization, reliable messaging, and policies regarding who can invoke services.
This is an excellent article…way of presentation is good.
You have answered me ….I have been asking myself many questions about this concept,now im clarified, H?ow will this benefit or improve service delivery in govt or should poor country adopt SOA as Analysis Standard how will it assist in making their life worth a while.
Nice post….. to have some good, basic knowledge around SOA.
The goals and benefits of SOA is very important. So if you write more about reduced IT burden with SOA!
With special tanx for this very nice and excellent post…
Really a nice article, thanks a lot for posting this article., Being a novice I could understand a lot…
Thanks, Moonwalapl
Very nice article, thanks a lot for posting this article because due to it only ,now i am able to understand SOA. Thanks Santraj
Thanks a lot for the article. Was really able to understand the “What is” of SOA.
Thanks ! Simple, clear and concise.
Thanks its stated in lucid manner.
This simplified SOA info is very much appreciated.
Thank you so much for this…I am writing a course and SOA is one of the objectives and this is the first site that I have been to that really simplified SOA…thank you!
Excellent, Good Presentation
excellent article
Indeed this is the best article to describe SOA. I have trying to grab the concepts since long however no article was as good as this one. It brought a clear picture in my mind..
Thanks a lot for the wonderful post…
Hi BoB,
Could you explain Where we Actually implement soa in 3 tier architechture ,
can we implement soa using webservices in .net,
the above givn abt soa is very good , Thanks,Regards JameS
Hi BoB,
Could you explain Where we Actually implement soa in 3 tier architechture ,
can we implement soa using webservices in .net,
the above givn abt soa is very good , Thanks,Regards JameS
it was useful, keep it
is soa a zero latency enterprise, how do u justify it?
Nice one. Made so simple.
The web client and the window and the java script causes problem for some. Anyway as everything has some sort of disadvantages this software may also have them but the point we have to note here is that how many people are
thanks for keeping it simple..!
enjoyed and very informative.. :-)
be used to meet all the same?
be used to meet all the same?
Hey guys!! Check out the latest upcoming conference “Business Technology Summit 2010” focus on SOA, SAAS, PAAS, ECM and Cloud Computing which is to be held in Nimhans Convention Centre in Bangalore from 11 Nov 2010-12 Nov 2010. For more details log on to btsummit dot com
be used to meet all the same?
thank you for sharing the post
Hey guys!! Check out the latest upcoming conference “Business Technology Summit 2010” focus on SOA, SAAS, PAAS, ECM and Cloud Computing which is to be held in Nimhans Convention Centre in Bangalore from 11 Nov 2010-12 Nov 2010. For more details log on to btsummit dot come Thank you so much for this…I am writing a course and SOA is one of the objectives and this is the first site that I have been to that really simplified SOA…thank you! www.4unj.com www.jerseys-buy.com
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Thanks for posting
Very nice and lucid explanation for NON IT persons, devoid of all the tech mumbo scattered on web. Please publish more of these.
Consider that internet store-front again. It presents the user with a catalog, allows the user to move items into, and out of a shopping cart, and accepts the eventual order. The presentation of these concepts is very volatile. Marketing people are likely to want to change it frequently. For example, they might want to change from a shopping cart metaphor to scrollable receipt on the sidebar. They may wish to present more or less descriptive data in the product list. They may want to experiment with different colors, font-faces, and layouts. Indeed, it’s feasible that they’ll want to try applets, JStart clients, Ajax, and a myriad of other presentation options. But none of this has anything to do with the core business functions encapsulated by the services. Those services that acquire catalogs and register orders remain unchanged despite all the presentation thrashing. That’s why the separation is important. It protects the information processing assets of the business from the constant jitter and spin of the presentation.
But presentation is not the only thing that jitters and spins. So do the business processes. Again, consider our store-front. Perhaps our business has decided to offer fine wines as one of the products it sells. Selling alcohol requires that the age of the customer be verified. Let us say that we have a service that provides this verification. This service must be called for any order that contains alcohol products. The decision to call this service is neither a presentation decision, nor a service decision. Rather it is part of the business process for a particular kind of order. Business processes are volatile and they breed like rabbits. As businesses evolve they add more and more steps and forks to their business processes. The services being used by those processes don’t change much; but the pathways through the processes do. Therefore we want to separate the business process from the services and from the presentation. Smalltalkers had a name for this separation when it appeared in a single program. They called it Model-View-Controller.cheap VPS
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I read it but I’m still confuses between Web-Services and SOA ,,,
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SOA is an abbreviation for Service Oriented Architecture. After reading the article, I think SOA is a good concept like re usable components. A service is a function that is well-defined, self-contained, and does not depend on the context of other services.
However RSpec uses an alternative syntax that reads more like a specification than like a test. Let me show you what I mean.
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The decision to call this service is neither a presentation decision, nor a service decision. Rather it is part of the business process for a particular kind of order. Business processes are volatile and they breed like rabbits. As businesses evolve they add more and more steps and forks to their business processes.
Application developers or system integrators can build applications by composing one or more services without knowing the services’ underlying implementations. For example, a service can be implemented either in .Net or J2EE, and the application consuming the service can be on a different platform or language.
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As sprawl increases, so does the importance of SOA when it comes to our downtowns. Folks need to be mindful of the actions and options we have.
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But presentation is not the only thing that jitters and spins. So do the business processes. Again, consider our store-front. Perhaps our GED Science worksheets business has decided to offer fine wines as one of the products it sells. Selling alcohol requires that the age of the customer be verified. Let us say that we have a service that provides this verification. This service must be called for any order that contains alcohol products. The decision to call this service is neither a presentation decision, nor a service decision. Rather it is How to get a GED part of the business process for a particular kind of order. Business processes are volatile and they breed like rabbits. As businesses evolve they add more and more steps and forks to their business processes. The services being used by those processes don’t change much; but the pathways through the processes do. Therefore we want to separate the business process from the services and from the presentation. Smalltalkers had a name for this separation when it appeared in a single program. They called it Model-View-Controller
Well done, however I would ged testing sites like to clarify on the early example used such that although the price of gasoline may change frequently the need to retrieve the price of gasoline would be aged software core business ged testing centers function. The reason I want to make this distinction is to not confuse the benefits of a service to provide consistent, reasonably stable functionality with the GED Test Tips inconsistent, unstable information that the service provides.
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“Actually SOA is Service Oriented Architechture. This kind of architechture is used for prototype model. whatever explained above about SOA. those requirements are continously changing and for the continous changing requirements we are going to use prototype model and for that model architechture may used is SOA”
Agreed with this statement actually use for prototype model.This model based upon standard and conineous top level model
Well I am not agree with few points here actually point here is not mentioned clearly or I cannot understand it properly
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Great article about the fundamentals of SOA. Service oriented architecture is something that must be adapted in most companies.
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Thanks for the great discussion on SOA…
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Great explanation of SOA! I’m always looking for better and more efficient ways of doing things. I look forward to your next post.
Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a flexible set of design principles used during the phases of systems development
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Thanks for the great discussion on SOA…
It is a good idea that “separating as many things that can logically/functionally be separated”. But there would be some problems to make them working together.Give it a rule is helpful.Perhaps, SOA.
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contents are really good to understand the concept of SOA. actually i was aware of it but i was confused how to explain it as i am a .NET Trainer…..so it is explained here very properly. Thanks
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Yeah.SOA is not about any particular technology.
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Hi!, Thank you for the interesting article! It definitely expanded my knowledge of Soa. Have a great day Rick
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I also have no idea on what is really the SOA mean.. I have been researching for the meaning of it but they have different explanations.
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The best statement in your article is : Business processes are volatile and they breed like rabbits.
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Thanks Bob for the nice article on SOA.There is a direct relation between SOA and web services.SOA is what you can achieve with the help of web services or WCF services.And when you build the software in terms of services/re-usable components your software achieves the status of software as a service(SaaS).Most of the current software systems follow SOA architecture thereby SaaS.
Thanks Bob for the nice article on SOA.There is a direct relation between SOA and web services.SOA is what you can achieve with the help of webservices or WCF services.And when you build the software in terms of services/re-usable components your software achieves the status of software as a service(SaaS).Most of the current software systems follow SOA architecture thereby SaaS.
This was beautiful reading. Complexity to simplicity at its finest. Thanks – I’m currently trying to fashion blog posts around Atmosphere’s SOA and this helped tremendously.